Combined type-writing and computing machine.



F. A. HART.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATIONl FILED DEC.9. 1914.

- Patented Mar. 11, 1919.

F. A. HART.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLlCATl-QN. FILED DEC.9. |914. A v Y Patented Mar. 11,1919.

mw ARIN. I

I, A. HART. 4

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEc.9. 1914.

1,296,659. Patented Mar. 11,1919.

1o SHEETS-SHEET a.

WM 4 E i l i MMMZ W F. A. HART.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE'.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.9. T914.

I0 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Patented Mar. 11, 1919.

F. A'. HART.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICA-THIN Fl-LED DEC. 3 1914.

Patented MaI-.11, 1919.

l0 SHEETS-SHEET 5- F. A. HART. COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTINGMACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.9. I'9'YI4..

Pateved Mar. 11,1919.

' 1o SHEETS-SHEET e.

, Inl

F. A. HART. COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

' APPLICATION FILED DEC-.91| T944.

1,296,659. Patented Ma1=.11,1919.

I0 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

k T 5 I f4 I". A. HART.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.9. I9-I4 Patented Mar. 1l. 1919.

IO SHEETS-SHEET 8.

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F. A. HART. COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMP'UTI'NG MACHINE.

APPLICA-Tron man DEc,9,. isi-:14.

1o suns-SHEET 9.

Patented Mar. 1I, 1919.

I WN Nm m A o 1 IGv. N AWN QN m IQ.

F. A.. HART. COMBINED TYPE WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.9 I9I4.

Patented Mar.

' I0 SHEETS-SHEET I0.

INVENTOFi: 95m@ M4/f WITNESSES= UNITEDI STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK A. HART, 0F NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNEASSIGNMENTS,

TO UNDERWOOD COMPUTING MACHINE COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORA-TION OF NEW YORK.

COMBINED TYPE-WRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.-

Patented Mal. 11, 1919.

Application led December 9, 1914. Serial No. 876,189.

of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inCombined` and Computing Machines, of which the fo lowin is aspecification.

This invention re ates to a combined typewriti'ng and computing machine,and more particularly to the type of machine in which the numbers to becomputed are irst registered or set up digit by digit so as to afford apreliminary representation of a number, and then all of the digits ofthe number run up together in the computing wheels of one or moreregisters. f

In the present improvement the computing wheels are provided with whatmay be termed a phalanx drive, including denominational members, one foreach computing wheel. These -denominational'members are provided withindexing mechanisms in the form of settable index pins to determine theextent of movement thereof. In the present disclosure the numeral keysperform the work of not only setting the pins, but also of shifting 'toselect the particular row or denomination of pins inwhich a setting isto be effected. For this purpose an inter- Type-Writin ponent,advantageously in the form of a set of selecting pins for eachdenominational member, is provided, which are normally out of registerwith the index pins, but shiftable at the operation of a numeral keyinto register therewith. be effected Jfrom the numeral key, but throughthe aid of a traveling selector which is controlled in its position fromthe typewriter carriage. This, then, relieves the typewriter carriage ofthe actual'burden of moving the selecting members, which, however, initself is much smaller than heretofore, as the denominational membersthemselves which carry thev index pins are now shifted in the act ofsetting the pins.

The denominational members, which also form driving or actuating membersfor` the computing wheels, may act on their forward stroke both foraddition and for subtraction, the change being made for one `or theother type of computation by alternatively shift- The shifting may .-heoperated by 4a complete cycle of ing one of two sets of gears into meshwith the rack bars so as to determine the direction of rotation of thenumber-bearing computlng wheels. The shift is advantageously made at theinstant of starting into motion of a general operator, which so drivesthe rack bars that by the time the rack bars themselves have startedinto motion, they will be in mesh to drive the computing Wheels eitherforwardly or backwardly accordlng to the type of computation.

In the present disclosure the tens carrying 1s effected by the drivingrack bars or denominational members themselves at the finish oftransferring the actual digits of the number computed to the computingwheels. Means is therefore provided for glvlng the denominational rackbars an added step of movement in case a carry over is to be eected to acomputing wheel associated with any particular denominational member.This is accomplished by lower computing' wheel tripping a locking vslidewhich ordinarily prevents this excessive or added movement of adenominational rack bar.

Improved means maybe provided for restoring the set index pins to anormal position, this being done on the return stroke of the generaloperator, andby means of a roller which is normally in an ineiectiveposition. The roller is brought to the restoring position, however, atthe proper instant in the movement of the general operator, by cammingmeans.

Various other parts of the mechanism may cams, which in turn are inaction at particularpoints in the movement of the'general operator. Inthe present disclosure the machine is shown to be operated by a crank,which is given about a third of a revolution, and' this amount ofmovement is magnified to a complete revolution with the parts whichcarry the cams, so that operations can be effected during abaek-and-forth movement of the crank, through a third ofaf're'volution..

Other features and advantages will hereinafter appear. l,

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a 'skeleton view in elevationtaken partly in section from front to rear,

and showing the general rclation of the typewriting .mechanism to thecomputing mechanism.

Fig. 2 is a detail perspective View of a couple of the index pins on oneof the denominational rack bars, showing one of the ins as set, andbringing out the means for ocking the pins in their unset posltion.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view in side elevation partly in section,showing therelation of the interponent pins to the lndex pins on thedenominational bars, andshowing one of the interponent ms 1n itsdepressed positionin the act o settlng an 1ndex pin.

Fig. 4 is a skeleton view 1n rear elcvatlon, showing the means wherebythe denomlnational selection is controlled indirectly from the carriage,and showing the carriage on its return movement.

Fig. 5 is a'skeleton perspective View of the denominational selectingmechanism, and particularly that part which directly manipulates thedenominational bars.

Fig. 6 is a vertical section from front to rear through the computingcasing. show` ing the general operator as started in its vmovement withthemechanism about to be shifted for an adding operation.

Fi 7 is a reduced plan view showing the relation of the denominationalrack bars or actuators to the computing wheels.

Fig. 8 is a detail perspective view showing the thrust links operated bythe numeral keys, which in turn. operate the settlng and denominationalselecting mechanism, and their relation to the llatter as Well as'to thekey lock.

Fig.`9 is a face view of some of the parts shown in Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary view showing in dotted lines the startingposition of the general operator handle, and lin dot-and-dash lines theforward position, and the mecha-v nism actuated thereby, whereby thisoscillation of approximately one-third of a revolution, or 120 degrees,will effect a complete rotation of 360 degrees of some of the parts ofthe computing mechanism.

Fig. 1l.4 is a sectional view through the driving pawl mechanism wherebythe vibratory movement of the general operator handle gives a completerotation to the general operatorshaft. I

Fig. 12 is a positions of the pick-up pawls .illustrated in Fig. 11.

Fig. 13 is a detail view of one of the pickup pawls.

Fig. 14 is a detail sectional View of the mechanism connected with theother of the pick-up pawls from that shown in Fig. 13.

Fig. 15 is a horizont-al section showing the relation of the setting-linkages to the deface view showing the several nominational bars, andalso of the denominational selecting mechanism to the denominationalbars.

Fig. 16 is a detail vertical section showlng one of the actuatingdenominational' rack bars as having been moved forward with the 1 pinset, and without effecting a tenscarrying operation.

Fig. 17 is a view similar to Fig. 16, the mechanism, however, effectinga tens-carrying to a compu-ting wheel in register with the rack.

Fig. 18 is a view similar to Figs. 16 and 17, with the exception that nopin is set corresponding to the striking of the 0 key in thedcnon'linational column according to its denominational member, but inwhich a carry over is being ei'ected as having been initiated from theneXt lower in denomination computing wheel.

Fig. 19 is a vertical section showing 1h:l 1 pin as set on one of thedcnominational rack bars, and the various positions of the generaloperator handlel at the start, at the end of the running in of thenumber, which in this case is l, and at the finish ofthe stroke afterthe tens-carrying springs have been compressed if a tens-carrying.operation has not been effected.

Fig. 20 is a view similar to Fig. 19, showing the parts in a positioncorresponding to the start in movement of the general operator, thevarious angular positions'of the general operator handle correspondingto a return movement of the latter, showing the opposlte rot-atlons ofdifferent parts on the same axial center.

' Fig. 21 is a skeleton perspective view of j the shifting mechanism forbringing one or and showing the computing wheels as disconnected fromtheir actuating rack bar or denominational members.

Fig. 24 is a sectional View taken from front to rear, showing thegeneral operator and therack bars on their return movement and asdisconnected from the computing Wheels; also illustrating how the pinsare restored to their normal positions.

Fig. 24 is a perspective view of one of the special pins on one of thedenominational rack bars, which enables a carry-over operation when nodigit has been run into the computing wheel corresponding thereto.

Fig. 25 is a perspective view, showing the tens-carrying locks orobstructors, with one of the same (the fourth from the highest indenomination) in a position to permit a tens-carrying operation.'

Fig. 26 is a fragmentary top plan view of the tens-carr ing trips,showing how they are oiiset so t iat the lower computing wheels bringinto play the ltens-carrying mechanism for the next higher computingwheels.

Fig. 27 isa detail view of the cam which controls the shifting of thecomputing wheels for both addition and subtraction.

Fig. 28 is a detail view of the cam which controls the restoring of anyof the index pins which may happen to be set.

Fig. 29 is a detail View of the cam which determines whether the specialcarry-over pins shall be effective for a carry-over operation or not.

Fig. 30 is a detail view of the cam which controls the restoring of thecarry-over slides to their normal posltions.

Fig. 31 is a detail view showing the mechanism set for subtraction andthe general operator at the start of its forward stroke.

Fig. 32 is a view similar to Fig. 31, except that the general operatorand its handle has advanced farther in its movement, and

the computing wheels have been thrown into mesh wlth the rack bars forsubtraction.

Fig. 33 is a skeleton perspective viewv Underwood type, numeral keys 1(Fig. 1)

and @alphabet keys 2, depress key levers 3, torock ,bell cranks 4, so asto swing type bars 5 up rearwardly against the front side of a platen 6,mounted to rotate on a traveling carriage 7. The carriage 7 is given alstep-by-step movement at the striking of any of the keys 1 and 2, bythe traction of a spring barrel 8, under the control of an at 9. Thisescapement mechanism includes a rack 10, pivotally mounted on thecarriage 7 and engaging a pinion 11, to which is con-.

nected an escapement wheel 12. The escapement wheel 12 is controlled inits rotation by pawls or dogs 13, mounted to be oscillated by auniversal frame 14, which lies in the path of heels 15, one of which isprovided on each of the type bars 5.

The numeral keys 1 in addition to performing -typewriting actions, alsooperate computing mechanism indicated in general at 16 (Fig. 6). To dothis, the computing mechanism brings into play a pinisetting mechanism,indicated in general at 17, and a denominational selecting mechanism,indicated in general at 18. The denominational selecting mechanism,which will be considered first, is for the purpose of according thedenominations of the digits as printed by the typewriting mechanism,with the digits as set up for computation by the computing mechanism.

On the typewriter carriage 7 there is provided a rack 19 (Figs. -1 and4), which meshes with a pinion 20 provided on a shaft 21, so as torotate this shaft step by step with the step-by-step advancing movementsofthe carriage 7. The shaft 21 is provided with a bevel gear 22, so asto transmit the rotation of the shaft to a second shaft 23. through theintermediary of a second bevel gear 24. The shaft 23 is provided, atVits lower end, with a lli-degree worm gear 25 (Figs. 5 and 6), whichmeshes to drive a Worm wheel 26.

Slidingly mounted on a shaft 27, parallel with the worm, 26, there isprovided a traveling selector 28, which has a tooth 29 engagtheadvancing movement of the carriage 7.

'The shaft 27 is reduced at one or both ends as at 30, and the selector28 has an open side 31, so that it can be slipped from the Shaft ifdesired. The selector 28 is provided with 'an upstanding finger 32,having a tooth 33 'arranged to engage individually the back ends of aseries of interponent selector bars 34. The selector barsv 34 arenormally held by springs 35 in their inactive rearmost positions until anumeral key is depressed, when the selector 28 will advance whicheverselector bar 34 it happens to be in register with, against the tensionof its spring 35. T he selector bars 34 are formed of two partspivotally connected and converge at their rea'r to correspond withletterspace movements of the selector 28, while being wide-spread attheir front to correspond with the wide-spread relation of the i o-computing wheels. f escapement mechanism 1nd1cated 1n general lTheselector 28, however, does ynot of its own .in1t1at1ve, perform theactual work of shlftlng the selector bars 34, but is actuated lio when anumeral key 1 is actuated. That is to say,'the vcarriage 7 While it doesthe light work of shifting the'selector 28 step by step, does no-t swingthe selector 28 against the tension of the .springs 35. The actual workof this movement is performed by the numeral keys 1 themselves.

Considering this phase of the question, each ofthe numeral keys 1 from 1to'9 is provided with a downwardly-extending thrust link 36, which isprovided with a cam shoulder 37 arranged to engage a follower roller 38on a rearwardly extending horizontal thrust link 39 (Fig. 6). The thrustlink 39 is connected to rock a frame 40.

izo

. a universal frame, in that it is universal to universal frame 40 isprovided with a uni-K versal bar- 42, which when the .frame is rockedwill engage and rock the selector 28, to thrust before it the particularselector bar 34 which. happens to be in register with the selector 28.

The purpose of this selecting action is to enable the pin-settingmechanism 17 to set any particular pin of a nest of pins 43, accordingto the numeral key actuated, and according to the denomination in whichit is actuated. The pins 43 are arranged in rows on denominationalmembers 44, which, asl will be seen later, are also driving or actuatingmembers, and are also arranged in transverse rows of pins of the samevalue corresponding to the values of l to 9. The selector bars 34carrycorresponding sef ries of setting or interponent pins 45, which,

however, are normally out of register with the pins 43. Themovement ofany of the selector bars 34 against the tension of its spring 35 at thestriking of a numeral key, will bring the pins in superposed alinementwith or relation to the pins 43, enabling the pin-setting mechanism 17,when operated, to set, through one of the pms 45, one of the pins 43.

, To do this, each of the thrust links 36 has a foot or stem 46,arranged to engage an arm 47 on a rock shaft 48. There is one of thesearms and rockshafts for each one of the numeral keys from ,1 to 9. Therock shafts 48 arek also provided with arms 49, arranged in order, whichengage and actuate linkages 50, which linkages comprise the usual upperand lower reaches 51 and 52 connected by arms 53, so as to move inparallel relation. Normally the pins 45 are out of alinement andtherefore out of reach of the linkages 50, but when any one of theselector bars 34 is advanced in a denominational selection action, itbrings the pins 45 within reach of the pin-setting linkages 50, andwithin striking distance of the index or valuating pins 43.

It will thus be seen that as a numeral key 1 is struck, it will irstrockthe universal frame 40 to bring the particular selector bar 34corresponding to the denomination at the printing point of thetypewriting mechanism into pla'y, so that the pins 45 thereon will liebetween the pin-setting linkages 50 and the index or valuating pins 43.Then further downward movement of the numeral key will rock theassociated shaft 48 to spread the pin-setting linkage 50, depressing thelower reach 52 thereof, so as to depress the particular pin 45 withinrange, which in turn will depress the particular pin 43 beneath it, asseen at Fig. 3. The particular pin 43 set will correspond in itsdistance from the frontl of the series of pins on' the denominationalmember 44, with the value of the numeral key actuated.

The interponent setting pins 45 are normally held in a raised positionby means ,of individual springs 54 (Fig. 3), which are inclosed in aguiding casing 55 for the pins 45, and engage a collar 56 provided oneach pin. The downward position of the interponent or setting pins 45therefore is but temporary, as they will return as soon as the pressureon the numeral key is relieved. The indexing pins 43, however, are heldin their depressed position by spring-detent fingers 57, which alsonormally hold them in their raised position by engaging depressions 58in the pins. For the purpose of simplifying the manufacture and reducingthe cost, a series of the detents 57 are stamped and swaged from asingle strip of metal 59, so that one detent member with its fingersserves a whole row of the index pins 43, and is secured in` position onthe associated denominational bar 44.

In order to prevent the stems or thrust links 36 from backing away dueto the camming action'of the shoulder 37 on the follower 38, each link36 is provided with an extension 60 which engages a bearing roller 61(Fig. 6), which coperates with arms 62 to guide the thrust link forvertical movement.

To prevent more than one numeral key from being operated at a time, eachof the thrust links 36 is providedwith an intruder 63 (Figs. 8 and 9),mounted for pivotal movement on the associated stems 36, and arranged toforce itself between one pair of a series of pivotal locks 64. Theselocks 64 are so crowded together that they permit the insertion of but asingle intruder 63, when all of the space through which they arepermitted to swing will be taken up, whereby no further intruderconnected to any other numeral key can be inserted between the membersof the series of locks. Hence no other numeral key can be depressed. Thepivotal connection of each intruder 63 to its stem 36 permits the stemsto move vertically without squirming, and yet allows for any canting dueto eccentric swinging of the locking member 64.

It has thus far been shown how the index or valuating pins 43 are set upone by one and individually on the denominational members, so as todetermine the extent of move- The general operator 65 includes sideositioned as to engage any set pins 43 on thel ars. The plungers 68 arenormally held in a'projected position as in Fig. 6, by springs 69, whichsprings are utilized to eiiect carryover operations, as will beexplained hereafter. The springs 69, however, are strong\` from aneutral position shown 1n Fig. .6,

enough to permit the general operator 65 to force the bars 44 before itwithout collapsin until the final movement of the genera operator.

The general operator 65 may be given its movement in any suitablemanner, and in the present instance is shown to be driven from a handcrank 70, which moves through approximately one-third of a revolution,or 120 degrees, between the two dotted-line positions shown in Figs. 6and 10, or, in other Words, from the full-line position shown in v Fig.1 to the foremost position shown in dotted lines in Figs. 6 and 10, andback again i to the rearmost position. The crank 70 is secured to aninner shaft 71, on 'which is also secured a lar e mutilated gear 72,meshing to drive a gear 3 whichmeshes with a rack 74 provided on one ofthe side plates 66 of the general operator. The general operator 65,then, on the forward stroke of the crank 7 0, is advanced carrying withit the denominational bars 44, which have pins 43 set thereon, and onthe return stroke the rear end lof the cross bar 67 engages overhangs 75provided on the denominational bars 44, and returns them with it. Theforward motion of the denominational bars 44 is used to drive thecomputing wheels of a computing register or totalizer 76, so that theywill be rotated amounts corresponding to the pins 43 set up, and thusaccording with the numeral keys which have been previously struck. Thearrangement is such, however, that the computing wheels may be rotatedVin one direction for adding, and in the opposite direction forsubtracting. To effect such a ,selective drive, the denominational bars44 are provided at their front ends with racks 7.7, which may be made todrive directly either a series of gears' 78 or a series of gears 79. endrivin-'g the former, the computin operation .will be an adding one, andwhen riving the;

i latter, the computing operation willfbe a subputing tracting one.

The gears wheel 80, while the gears 79 are each secured to a computingwheel 81. The computing wheels 81 carry dial or numberbearing wheels 82,which are arranged to eX- hibittheir numbers through a sight opening 83ina computing casing 84.('Fig. 6). The computing wheels 80 mesh with thecompl-iting wheels 81, so that if Athe gears, 7 8 are 1n l mesh with theracks 77, the forward computng wheels and their ldial wheels 82 'will 78are each secured to a comalso be rotated, thev direction of rotation,however, being opposite from that-when the gears 79 are in direct meshwith the racks 77.

To enable this alternative drive for addition or subtraction, the gears78 and 79 and the computing wheels 80 and 81, are mounted on a swingingfloating frame 85 (Figs. 6, 21, 22, 24, 31 and 32), which. rocks aboutan axial pivot 86, so as to alternatively shift either the gears 78 intomesh with the racks 77 for an adding operation, or the gears 79 intodirect mesh with the racks 77 for a sub- -87 and 88, so as to be engagedby the shifting mechanism, which brings about a meshing of either thegears 78 or the gears 79v with the racks 7 7 This shifting mechanism mayinclude av pair of rack bars 91, which have a slotted engagement 92 withthe extensions of the shaft 89, and move in parallel relation so as Vtomove the shift frame 85 evenly.- The rack bars 91 are provided withracks 93, which are driven by gears 94 and 95 secured on a shaft 96. Thegear 94 is cfjgreater width `than the rack bar 91 with which it meshes,sov that it presents a sufficiently broaditoothed surface to be engagedby a double rack bar 97 (Figs. 6, 24, 31 and 32), which `is used todrive it alternatively in one direction or' the other according as towhether an adding or a subtracting o eration is desired. t The doublerack bar 9 en-l compasses the gear 94, and is provided withoppositely-facing racks 98 for addition, and 99 kfor subtraction, whichmay be alternatively meshed with the gear 94.

vThe double'rack bar 97 is, in effect, then, a driver for the gear 94,and must be actuated before there is actually any ldriving movement of'the denominational rack-bars 44, so that the computing wheels will be in.po-

sition to be drivenl at-the time they are likely to be driven. For rthispurpose, the distance between the plungers 68 and the highest pins 43 issufficient to -permit an idle movement of the general operator relativeto the driving rack bars "44, which will be taken up in shifting thefloating frame 85 to bring about a driving relation of either set ofcomputing wheels with the racks 7 7.

l The double rack bar or driver 97, which effects the shifting, isoperated at the beginning of the forward stroke of the general operator65. -For vthis purpose, it is provided with a follower 100, which'isengaged and driven by a cam 101 (Figs. 27 and 31). .The cam 101 has astee rise 102, which comes into engagement w1th the follower 100 at thevery, first portion of the stroke of the crank 70 corresponding to thefirst part of the movement of the general operator V65, and willinstantly force the follower 100 outon to a dwell portion 103 of the cam101, which is concentric with the axis of rotation of the vcam 100. Thismovement is suflicient to shift the frame 85 in one direction or theother for a complete meshin -of the gears 78 or 79 with thel racks 77.he dwell portion 103 is just a little less than one-third of acircumference, so that the driver 97 will be advanced to actuate thegears 94, 95, and shift the rack bars 91 to bring about a drivingrelation between the computing .wheels and the racks 77 at the firstpart of the forward movement of the hand crank 70 and the generaloperator 65, and will maintain the driving relation until just after thetermination of the forward stroke of the general operator 65 land thehand crank 70, when the follow-er 100 will move back at a dip 104provided beyond the dwell portion 103 of the cam 101.

Before considering the further movement of the cam 101, it will be shownhow the driver' 97 is made to mesh either its rack 98 or its rack 99with the gear 94,'so as to effect either an adding shifting, as in Fig.6, or a subtracting shifting as in Figs. 31 and 32.

Normally the driver .97 is held by a spring 105 in the position shown inFig. 6, with the adding rack 98 in mesh with the ,gear 94, the driver 97having a sliding fulcrum b .being forked at 106 to .encompass the sha71. The other end of'the driver 97is yieldingly held in one osition orthe other by a cushion detent 10 iwhose apex engages'a'lternatively inone or the other of a pair of 4.," notches 108 and 109 in the driver 97.When 45' in an adding position the notch 108 of ,the driver is engagedbythe cushion detent 107, and when in a subtracting position, the

notch 10Q-is engaged by this detent.

To shift from the adding position shown in Fig. 6 to the'subtractingosition shown in Fig. 32, there is'provide a subtraction key `110, whichmay be depressed against the tension of a spring 111 to depress vthelower end of the driver 97 against the tension of itsspring k105. Thesubtraction key 110 will be caught in its depressed position for one`computing' operation, by a latch 112, which engages a notch 113provlded in the'stem of' the subtraction keyT 110. If the subtractionkey 110 should be held depressed for a number of subtracting operations,a special. lock 213 Fig,j,6) may be swung into posi-l tion to engagefaslot 114 provided in the subtraction key 110. When .the subtraction.

key 110 is depressed, it lowers lthe driver 97 fromfa position inengagement with a stop one of two other cushioning members 117 and 118(Fig. 24) comes into play to enable a subsequent return movement of thedriver 97, when the follower 100 slips oil' the dwell portion103 of thecam 101. It will be seen by reference to Fig. 24, that the cushioningmembers 107, 117 and 118 are in the Aform of spring-pressed plungerswhich recede into a casing 119 before the oncoming driver 97 and serveto return the same when the follower 100 has escaped the cam 101. Theplungers 117 and 118 are alternative in their action according to theposition of the driver 97 for an adding or a subtracting operation.

At almost the very end `of the forward movement of the driver 97, thelatch 112 is ltripped by a pin 120 on 'the driver 97 enl107 yields topermit this movement, -bu-t also the gear 94, as a lug or extension 121'will engage under the cushion,u 117 (Fig. 32),V

which forms in this way a guide lock. In other words, the driver 97cannot escape from the ear 94 until it has returned it, the shiftingrame, and the computing wheels manipulated thereby, to a normal neutralposition.Y l

In a similar manner in an adding shifting, the other cushion 118 isengaged by a 'foot 122 onthe-driver 97, which prevents the un\ meshingof the rack 98 with the gear 94, in case of an erroneous operation ofthe subtraction key 110 while the general operator is 1n motion.

While the hand crank 70 vibrates back and forth' for one completereciprocation of the general operator 65, itis not desirable 'to' havethe cam 101 vibrate in this manner,

it being preferable to have the same operate the driver 97, -then escapetherefrom, andi finally complete a revolution to its normal posltionready for a subsequent operation, that is to say, it is desired to havethe cam 101, and, 'as will `be seen hereafter, certain other parts,effect a'complete revolution of 360 degrees while the hand crank 70 ismoving forwardly and backwardly through an arc of about 120 degrees. Toeffect this motlon, the cam 101 is not secured directly to the shaft 71,to which the hand crank 70 is secured, but is mounted on a sleeve 123,

whichgis .coaxial with the shaft 71.

To effect the drive of thesleeve 123 for a complete rotation during aback-and-forth vlbration of the hand crank 70, the' gear 72,

which, it will beiremembered, is secured to the shaft 71, is providedwith a driving pawl 124 (Figs. 11, 12 and 13), which is normally held bya springi125 in engagement with the shoulder of a notch 126 provided theforward stroke of the general operator,

it lcarries with it the sleeve-123- and allpartsmounted thereon,one-third of a revolution and leaves itthere. During theI return strokeof the hand crank 70 and the general operator 65,'the pawl 124 esca esout of the notch 126 and returns to its ull-line position. The sleeve123, however, is picked-up and carried on farther for the "remainingtwo-thirds-of a revolution. This is accomplished by providing apick-up127, which is mounted loosely on the sleeve 123 to rotate about the sameaxis as that of the shaft 71. The pick-up is provided 4with a gear 128,`which meshes with a rack 129 (Fig. 10) carried by one of the side plates66 of the general operator 65.

It will be seen that as the. general operator 65 'moves forwardly in thedirection of the arrow in Fig. 10, it will rotate the gear `128 in thedirection of the arrow thereon,

which is opposite to the direction of rotation of the mutilated gear 72.The ratio of gearing between the mutilated gear 72 and the general.operator 65, and from the general operator 65 to the rack 129 and tothe Y gear 128, is such that the gear 128 will rotate twice as fast asthe gear 72 and in the opposite direction.

The pick-up 127 in addi-tion to the gear 128, is provided with a pawl ordog,130, which when the hand crank 70 is at its initial startingposition, corresponding toV 70 (Fig. 10), will line up with the pawl 124carried by the gear 72. It will Ibe seen, however, that this pawl 130.moves backwardly with the gear 127 through two-thirds of a revolution,while the pawl 124 is advancing one-third of a revolution with the gear'72, so that the pawls 124 and130, from a starting position in registerwith each other in the notch 126, which is wide enough for both pawls,will, at the endof the for-l ward stroke of the hand crank` 70,correspending to the position once more be 1n register with eachother atthe position indicated at 124b (Fig. l12), both again" in p the notch126. On the return stroke, how-- ever, of the general operatorAandtheucrank" 7.0, 4the. pawl l124 trips idly over the sleeves 123,while the pawl 13G-takes up thefwork of advancing the'sleeve 123 throughthe-re` 'f maning two-thirds of s. rswolutonywhich will be accomplishedduring the return `and the parts c'arried thereby,'which includes thecam 101.

The return movement of operator 65 may be effected, if desired, by oneor. more springs 131 (Figs. 10 and. 15)., thereby insuringy the' returntoa normal -positioin The return movement may' 'be cushioned by means ofa retarder 132, which pef'fnits :a quick initial return r1movement forthe greaterl part vof the stroke, and a slow final movement, so as tosurely take up the jar. This may consist of a piston 133 secured lby itsrod 134 to the general operator 65, and sliding vin a cylinder 135. Thecylinder is provided with a number of outlets 136, so that the airIentrapped by the piston 133 for the first part of the return strokethereof, can pass out' quite freely, permitting the springs 131 to actquite rapidly. After the piston 133, however, passes the openings 136,la considerable amount of air is entrapped behind the piston thergeneral v which may pass out but slowly through a 'single aperture 137,sojhat while the com- Each of the computing wheels is prevented fromrotating idlyl when not actually driven, by a detent roller 140 (Figs. 6and 31), which normally engages between the teeth of the rear computingwheels 80. This detentV roller 140 is mounted'4 on a swinging frame 141,piv'oted at 142, and

having an arm 143 lylng in 'the path of -a pin 144 on the driver 97, sothat as thek driver moves downwardly to effect a shiftingof thecomputing wheels for an adding or 'a subtracting operation, thedetent`140,

will be moved to a silent position. It ,will

return, however, as soon asthe gears 78 or.A `7 9 are moved out of meshlwith the rackA 7 7.V

If a computing wheel passes through zero, it is necessary to effect acarry-over operation Vtothe next vhigher computing wheel. Thisis done inthe present yinstance b the rack'bars 44 themselves, through the ald of.the-general operator 65. Y Ifa -pin 48 isset' al portion vthereof willbe comparatively izo up, the action is simple. Normally, when notens-carrying operation takes place in connection with one of the bars44, the bar moves a distance corresponding to the particular pin set,and tothe numeral key having been struck to set such in. If, however, acarry-over is to be e ected through the accordant computing wheel, suchrack bar moves an additional step to effect this carry-over operation.

The front of the row -of pins 43 on each bar 44, there is provided alocking or blocking slide 145, which normally obstructs the movement ofa pin 43 and its bar 44 beyond that accordant with the value of thenumeral key which set it. The plungers 68, however, project to such adistance that by the time a set pin comes into engagement with its slide145, the general operator has not quite completed its forward movement,so that it is necessary to compress the spring 69 for a distance betweentwo of the pins 43.

If, however, a slide 145 is permitted to recede before. the oncoming pin43, then the spring 69 Will'not -be compressed, but will advance theassociated rack bar 44 an added step fora carry-over operation, whichadded step will be transmitted into a rotation of the associatedcomputing wheel either forwardly or backwardly according to thecharacter of computation. The slides 145 are normally held against areceding movement by means of a latch 146 (Figs. 31 and 32), of whichthere is one for each of the Slides 145. It will be' noted in passingthat the bar 44 for the units computing wheel does not have a slide 145nor a latch 146, as there is no carry-over to be effected to it or itscomputing wheel, there being nocomputing wheel lower in denomination.

Each latch for a denominational member 44 is controlled from thecomputing wheel of next lower denomination. For this purpose, thelatches 146, which hold the slides 145 against a forward movement underthe pull 'of their springs 147, are connected by links 148 to startingtrips 149 (Figs. 22, 24, 31 and 32). The springs 147 eEect the doublepurpose of operating the slides 145, and'holding the latches 146 intheir locked position.

The links 148, as will be seen.. by reference to Figs. 7 and 16, arewarped, so that each starting trip may be operated by a computing` wheelof lower denomination while controlling a slide'145 of next higherdenomination. The upper end of each trip 149 is beveled in bothdirections at 150 (Fig. 22), so as to be forced outwardly by a startingor carry-over member 151, in the form of a roller, located at a suitablepoint in the kperiphery of each of the computing wheels in the series80.. This enables the trips 149 to be actuated whether the computingwheels are rotated for addition or subtraction, as any computing wheelcompletes a revolution, so that the carry-over mechanism is brought intoplay in the same manner for both addition and subtraction.

It is thus evident that when any of the index pins .43 corresponding tothe values from 1 to 9, is set on a denominational member 44, thisdenominational member can effect an added step of movement to itscomputing wheels whether adding or subtracting, when the next lowercomputing wheel completes a revolution. Such an action is plainly shownin Figs. 16 and 17 Where the l pin is set, the carry-over action beingstarted in Fig. 16, and finished in Fig. 17.

It is necessary, however, to eect such carry-over operation also incases where no index pin 43 having a value from 1 to 9 is set on adenominational member, as in the case where 1 is carried to a computingwheel having no digits run in by its rack bar 44, corresponding to thestriking of the 0 key.

To enable such carryover operations, there is provided on each of thedenominational bars 44 of higher value than the units bar, a specialcarry-over pin 152, which is located one step in advance of the 1 indexor valuating pin 43, so as to correspond to an added rotation ofone-tenth of a revolution'of the computing wheel associated with aAdenominational bar 44 bearing the same. This special carry-over pin 152(Figs. 31 and 32) normally tends to assume a depressed or set position(Fig. 18) under the propulsion of a spring 153, of which there is onefor each carry-over pin. The carryover pins 152, however, are held intheir raised position by a timing guard 154 (Figs. 24 and 30), which isuniversal to all of the carry-over pins 152. The guard 154 holds thepins 152 high enough so that if a rack bar 44 moves forwardly due to thegeneral operator engaging any other set pin from 1to 9, the carry-overpin 152 on this bar will ride on top of the associated slide 145, as inFigs. 16 and 17. In order to insure this riding, the carry-over pins 152are formed as shown in Fig. 24a, with a laterally-projecting foot 155forming an extensive surface overlapping all exposed slots in the uppersurface of a guiding block 156 in which the slides 145 reciprocate.

The carry-over pins 152, then, do not interfere with the normal drivingoperation of thebars 44 in running up digits into the computing wheelscorresponding to the particular index vpins 43 set up on these bars; nordo they interfere with carry-over operations effected by said index pinsfrom 1 to 9. If, however, no pin from l to 9 should happen to be set ona denominational 'bar 44,. as the general operator approaches the end ofits forward stroke, the particular plunger 68 corresponding to thisdenominational member 44 will engage the carry-over pin 152, and tend toforce the same forward together with the rack bar 44, the pin 152 havingin the meanwhile come down into the path of its associated plunger 68.'If, however, the latch 146 in this particular denominational bar has notbeen tripped by a complete rotation of the next lower 'computing wheel,the spring 69 will merely be compressed without advancing the associatedrack bar 44. If, on the other hand, the next lower computing wheel haspassed through Zero, the slide 145 will have been released, so that thecarry-over pin 152 will be ermitted to travel forward in the socket oits slide, which has receded before it, thereby permitting the spring 69and the plunger 68 to advance the rack bar 44 one step at the lastportion of thel forward stroke of the general.l operator 65. This actionis shown in Fig. 18.

As will be seen by reference to Fig. 25, the slideways or sockets forthe slides 145, are provided with additional lateral cavities 157, toallow for the laterally extending feet 155 of the carry-over pins 152.

It has been -stated above that the guard 154 normally holds thecarry-over pins 152 in their raised position clear of the plungers.

68, but that these pins are permitted to come into the path of movementof the plungers 68 near the end of the forward stroke of the generaloperator 65. This action is accomplished by mounting the guard 154 on aswinging frame 158 (Figs. 19, 20, 24, 31 and 32), 'so as to have avertical up-anddown movement as the frame swings.

The frame 158, which is pivoted at 159,

includes an arm 160 having a follower roller 161, which is held inengagement with a cam 162 (Fig. 29) by means of a spring 163. The cam162 has a depressed dwell portion 164, in engagement with which thefollower 161 is maintained during the major portion of .the forwardstroke of the general operator 65, the cam 162 being mounted on thesleeve 123, which, it will be remembered, is rotated one-third of arevolution during the advancing stroke of the general operator, and afurther two-thirds of a revolution in the same direction during thereturn stroke of the general operator.

As the general operator completes a forward movement corresponding tothe taking up of the distance before engaging with any ofthe set indexpins 43, plus the maximum distance of nine'steps corresponding to thesetting of a 29 pin (Fig. 19), then a rise or cam incline 165 forces thefollower 161 outwardly abruptly, vthereby causing the f swung rearwardlyframe 158 to rook to withdraw downwardly the guard 154, thus permittingthe springs 153 to act to project any such of the carryover pins 152 asmay not as yet have been slid over the top of the slides 145, down intothe path of the associated plungers 68, so that they may be engaged bythe latter to advance the associated rack bars 44 one step during theremaining portion of the forward movement of the general operator (Fig.18) This will occur, of course, only when a denominational bar 44 hashad no pin 43 from l to 9 set up thereon. At all other times, the guard154 remains in its upper position so long, that the engagement of thegeneral operator with any of the-set pins 43, will advance thecarry-over pin 152 to an ineffective position resting on top of theassociated slide 145 and the block 156.

The cam 162 has a dwell portion 166 at its upper level onwhich thefollower roller 161 remains for most of the return stroke of the generaloperator, including the last two-thirds of a revolution of the sleeve123, and, in fact, until the very last portion of the return stroke ofthe general operator, when the pins 152 have already had a chance to beonce more brought above the guard 154 clear of the slides 145, when thecam roller 161 will drop on to the lowe;` level 164, by means of a dip167. The guard 154 is beveled at 168, so that if perchance any index pin43 of lower value than the pin engaged by the general operator in theact of driving, should be set` accidentally, it will be cammed up toanunset position during the forward movement of the associated bar 44, soas not to engage the slide 145 and interrupt the movement of the generaloperator.

It will be noted in passing that atthe end of the forward stroke of thegeneral operator 65, all the springs 69 which have not effected acarry-over operation, are under a compression, so that a series ofsuccessive carry-over operations from lower to higher denominations ofadjacent computing wheels, can be effected even after the generaloperator has reached the endA of its forward stroke.

As the general operator returns, it is necessary to reprime or re-setall of the carryover locking slides 145 as may have been tripped topermit carry-over operations. To do this, there Vis provided a restoringor resetting rail 169 (Figs. 22, 31 and 32), which is universal to allof the slides 145, and is arranged to engage them at their tail ends.The rail 169 is mounted on a frame 170, pivoted at 171, and is normallyheld out of eigagement with the slides 145 by a spring 1 2.

during the return stroke of the general operator, by means of an armlThe universal rail 169, however, 1s

173 connected to the-frame 170, and having a follower 174 engaging a cam175 F. 30)

secured to the sleeve 123, which, it will be remembered, has a completerotation during the reciprocation of the general operator.

The cam 175 has a dwell portion 176 for the major portion of itscircumference, which is in engagement with the follower roller 174during the forward stroke of the general operator and for'some portionof the return stroke of the general operator, but is provided with agradually inclined rising cam surface 177, which forces the followeryroller 174 outwardly, and thereby causes the universal rail 169 togradually tension all of the springs 147 as may have collapsed in acarry-over operation by returnlng the slides 145. to their obstructingpositions, and lock them in such positions by their associated latches146. At the end of the return stroke of the general operator 65, thefollower roller 174 drops off the raised portion 177 of the cam 175, bymeans of a dip 178, through the aid of the spring 172, so as to returnthe lower level 17 6. This will carry the rail l169 clear vof the slides145, sorv that they may be freely tripped for a subsequent tens-carryingoperation.

After the set index or valuating pins 43 have fulfilled their functionof determining the extent of movement of the bars 44, itis necessary torestore them to their unset position to enable subsequent computat1onsto be set up in the nest of pins. This is done on the return stroke ofthe general operator. The sleeve 123 has a cam 179 (Fig. 28)' whichcontrols the movements of a pin restorer 180. Thispin restorer includesa follower 181 which engages the cam 179, a bell crank 182 on which thefollower 181 is mounted, and a pin-restoring roller 183 which liestransversely of the bars 44 in subjacent relation thereto 0n the forwardstroke of the general operator, the pinrestoring roller 183 is heldclear of the set pins 43 by the outer or upper level 184 of the cam 179.By the time the general operator starts to return, however, the follower181 w1ll have dropped on to the lower or inner level 185 of the cam 179,thereby permitting a spring 186 to raise the restoring roller in back ofthe row of set pins which have advanced at least up to the slides 145,and in some instances where tens carrying has taken place, to theguideways of the slides.

As soon as the general operator, by the engagement of the cross bar 67with the lugs 75, returns the bars 44, the pins 43 will roll up on therestoring roller 183 and be projected to their uppermost unsetpositions. On the subsequent forward stroke of the generaloperator-before any of the set pins 43 can have been advanced to therange of the re- Storing roller 183, the latter will have been depressedclear of the path of the set pins.

The operation can best be considered b illustrating the same with anexample. e will assume that the totalizer or computing head alreadyregisters 6731,y which number may have been previously run into thesame. It will also be assumed that the number 3079 is to be added to thenumber already registered in the computing head. The carriage 7 from itsstarting point at the extreme right, is advanced by the tabulatingmechanism or in any other suitable manner, until the proper letter spacecorresponding to the thousands column c ornes into register with theprinting point of the typewriting mechanism. The denominationalselection for the computing mechanism will be auto` 'matically accordedwith the denomination of this digit column, by a train of gearing 19 to25 automatically rotating the worm wheel 26, so as to position theselector 28 synchronously with the position of the carriage 7. Thus theselector 28 will be brought with its upstanding linger 32^in registerwith the selector bar 34 (fourth from the bottom in Figs. 7 and 15),which is the thousands selector bar.

The numeral key 3 may then be struck to print the digit 3 on thework-'sheet on- `the platen 6. At the same time, the thrust link 36 willbe depressed so that the cam 37 will, through the link 39 and theuniversal actuating frame 40, rock the selector 28 t0 advance thethousands selector bar 34. This will bring all of the interponent pins45 from an idle position to a position between the setting linkages 50and the index pins 45 on the thousands denominational driving bar 44. Asthe key 3 continues to descend, it will lock all other keys from beingactuated, by actuating the locks 64, and will also rock the shaft 48 forthe pin-setting linkage 50 corresponding to 3. This will set up thethird index pin 43 from the front of the thousands bar 44, which will beheld in its set position. As the numeral key 3 returns, t-he selectorbar 34 for the thousands denomination will be returned by its spring 35,and the linkage 50 actuated by this numeral key will also return to apassivepos1t1on.

The same return movement permits an escapement of the carriage 7 to thenext letter space or digit column. This movement of the carriage will betransmitted so that the selector 28 will advance in the oppositedirection a corresponding amount so as to come into register with thehundreds denominational selector bar 34, that is, the third one from thebottom (Figs. 7 and 15). The 0 numeral key will then he struck to print0, but inasmuch as this requires no registration in the computingmechanism,

